Electroless plating is made by submerging a base material into a solution that deposits particles of metals onto the material through a chemical reaction. In contrast, electrolytic plating uses electrical currents to deposit metal onto the base material. A current is passed through the metal and solution attracting metal ions to the base metal.
Both methods of plating are used to protect and improve the surface of objects, such as parts used in engineering and machinery. This can reduce rust, increase durability and even help smooth surfaces for improved functioning.
The benefits of electroless and electrolytic plating
Electroless plating creates a much thinner and more even deposit than electrolytic plating, making it suitable for use on small pieces. The layer is also typically higher quality making it more durable than its electrolytic counterpart. Electroless plating can be used on any surface material whereas electrolytic plating is restricted to conductive metals to enable the process to work.
However, electrolytic plating is faster and cheaper to apply. Also, the solution is more stable than in electroless plating and therefore requires less monitoring.
The downsides of electroless and electrolytic plating
Electroless plating solution needs to be carefully monitored to maintain the concentration of metal ions. Electrolytic plating can be less durable and even in finish. It tends to gather in corners and create a thicker layer, but this can be useful in certain applications.
Electroless plating seems to have a huge advantage over electrolytic plating, but it still has its uses in high production environments or when better conductivity is required.
Plating in practice
Electroless nickel plating deposits a nickel alloy in an even layer that is uniform, anti-rust and able to withstand high temperatures. This is typically used to protect parts from wear, abrasion and corrosion. More information about the specifics of electroless nickel plating can be found at https://www.poeton.co.uk/standard-treatments/electroless-nickel-plating and here:
To summarise the comparison: electroless plating creates a thinner, more durable even coating while electrolytic plating creates a more cost-effective conductive coating. These differences can make one or the other more suitable for specific applications.
